If you search for ways to rip discs on Linux, you will probably see people recommending graphical tools like Brasero or command line tools like cdrdao. Those recommendations are all well and good, but they each have their own issues.
Brasero
cdrdao
If you want to quickly rip an audio CD to BIN/CUE format, use these two commands. Use the correct location of your optical drive. Mine was at /dev/sr0.
cdrdao read-cd --read-raw --device /dev/sr0 --driver generic-mmc:0x20000 --paranoia-mode 0 --datafile image.bin image.toc
toc2cue image.toc image.cue
If you’re a little more concerned about the accuracy of the rip, either use Brasero or change the cdrdao command to use paranoia mode 2 or 3 instead. Just be warned that the rip will be much slower.
That’s all there is to it!
Kudos to the DOSBox Wiki writers for their Cuesheet article. I never would have figured this out otherwise. This thread on the Arch user forums was also very helpful.